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Mona Lisa, which was created by the famous Italian painter Leonardo da Vinci is the most prestigious masterpiece of portrait all over the world. The charming smile of the Mona Lisa has a dream-like charm through the ages, which is regarded as the mysterious smile by art historians. Why the expression was radiant just now and now is so serious? Mona Lisa Smile has confused so many appreciators and reseachers.

Scientists Louis Martinez Outlaw and Diego Alonso Pabuluosi of Alicante Neural Science Department make a contrast research deeply. They reckoned that different cells on retina will convey different message or "channels" to brain. These "channels" can code the size, definition, brightness and position of objects which are within the scope of vision. Outlaw said, "Sometimes one channel could cover the other channel, so you will see the smile, sometimes, other channel in prevalence, so you don't see the smile."

In order to make a detailed analysis of the Mona Lisa's smile, Martinez Outlaw and Alonso Pabuluosi let volunteers stand in different locations and angles to appreciate Mona Lisa and known the changes of her smile to study the different visual channels.

At the very beginning, the two scientists asked the volunteers to appreciate the portrait in changing distance. The image is quite small when observing it in far distance, which is difficult for volunteers to distinguish her facial expressions. And with the approaching to the portrait, the picture became larger and the subjects saw the smile—the bigger the portrait was, the easier the smile was seen. This suggests that the central vision cells are able to carry out the information of smile as well as the peripheral vision cells are.

They then made a comparison if the light would have an impact on the observing of Mona Lisa's smile. There are two kinds of cells which can decide the brightness of the objects in the dark: one is "centralized cell" which will be stimulated only when the central part of an object is bright so that we can see the bright stars in the dark sky; another is "dispersing cell" which will be activated when the central part of an object becomes dim so that we can see the words on the books clearly.

Martinez Outlaw allow volunteers watch 30 seconds of white screen and black screen and then let them watch the Mona Lisa portrait. And they found that it was easier to see the Mona Lisa smile after staring at the white screen. For the white screen weakened the "scattered cells", Martinez drew a conclusion that concentration cell can sense the Mona Lisa smile. Of course, it is not the whole conclusions of the research, because their eyes will not help moving to her left cheek when volunteers identify the smile in a minute, which shows that the peripheral vision also takes effect.

Did that mean Da Vinci tried to confuse lookers rather than provide inspiration for scientists? Outlaw said: "it is sure. He wrote in his notebook, he wanted to paint abundant changing expressions, because that is all living things in his eyes."

Absolutely, this is not the first time for scientists to do research of Leonardo da Vinci's masterpiece. In 1993, Susan Giroux, who was a Canadian art historian, she published a surprising research results that Mona Lisa's lips which had dumped many appreciators is the bare spine of a man. American Maryland Dr. Joseph - Bao Stokowski said, "Mona Lisa does not fundamentally smile, and her facial expression clearly shows that she wants to cover the fact that she does not grow front teeth." Doctor Let Jacques Condette, brain surgery expert from Leon, France, he reckoned that Mona Lisa had a stroke before, half of her face muscles are relaxed, that's the reason she smiles. In 2005, a U.S. research team said that the interference factors between the path of the retina and the visual cortex will determine what we see either a smile or other expressions.